Wealth is distributed extremely unevenly in the US, with the top 1% of households owning nearly 40% of the wealth. This number has increased dramatically from the mid-70s, when the statistic was around 20%. Why we've had such a change is a subject for another diary, but the triumph of free-market fundamentalism ("markets good, regulation bad") has a lot to do with it.
Progressive income tax rates deal with the problem somewhat, but income taxes are complex and difficult to enforce, cause some economic distortions, and reduce the value of labor vs. capital. The inheritance tax is one way of dealing with the problem, and it should continue to be relied on (and rates should be increased somewhat). A direct wealth tax is another option, and it is used successfully in some countries. However, a wealth tax may be even more vulnerable than an income tax to the use of creative methods to bypass it. This diary suggests one other way of reducing the extreme concentration of wealth in the US--the Land Value Tax.
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