for answers:
CPS = Current Population Survey (census bureau)
SIPP = Survey of Income and Program Participation (census bureau)
NLSY = National Longitudinal Survey of Health (can't remember which agency conducts)
YBS = Youth Behavior Survey (CDC, I think?)
NHIS = National Health Interview Survey (National Center for Health Statistics)
NHANES = National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (also NCHS as above)
SLAITS = State and Local Area Integrated Telephone Survey (also NCHS)
ACS = American Community Survey (census bureau)

These are amazingly useful and rich surveys.  All data is free to public.  I work with the CPS and NHIS mostly but use things from all the others.  
And there are even more out there....