Daily Kos

Why do Supreme Court justices often shift leftward?

Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 08:14:43 AM PDT

I know, I know, more Miers.  grimace

But this is an issue that's intrigued me for years.  That moderate or right-of-center justices become more liberal as they spend more time on the Supreme Court is considered a truism. On balance, I think it's correct.  But why would this happen?  Why wouldn't they become more conservative?  What is it about being a justice that sometimes liberalizes people?

Per David Frum yesterday: "The pressures on a Supreme Court justice to shift leftward are intense. There is the negative pressure of the vicious, hostile press that legal conservatives must endure. And there are the sweet little inducements--the flattery, the invitations to conferences in Austria and Italy, the lectureships at Yale and Harvard--that come to judges who soften and crumble. Harriet Miers is a taut, nervous, anxious personality. It is hard for me to imagine that she can endure the anger and abuse--or resist the blandishments--that transformed, say, Anthony Kennedy into the judge he is today."

He misses the point, like a good conservative.  The above reasons are not why justices shift leftward.  They're not even true.  "Vicious, hostile press" - oh please. "Sweet little inducements"?  Maybe Scalia needs to practice being nicer instead of insulting his fellow justices.

Thinking about whether Miers could be a Souter or a Kennedy or an O'Connor forced me to consider why a person who reportedly adores Bush, has hung out with him for years, has been ensconced for over four years in a highly partisan, (faux) conservative White House could ever become more liberal.  This is what I came up with: If she joins the Supreme Court, she will find herself, possibly for the first time ever, forced to engage with liberals - not for the purpose of beating an opponent in an election, but for the purpose of considering cases that involve real people.  I think that this is what makes justices who start out rather conservative become more liberal.  She could learn for the first time what "compassionate conservatism" truly does to poor and disadvantaged people.  She could learn that the right to privacy is critical to true freedom.  Bear in mind, she has spent years in close contact with Bush.  But on the court, that closeness would diminish.  She wouldn't see him daily.  In fact once he's back on the ranchette, she might see him once a year.  I think this is why justices, even when appointed at advanced ages, can change.  

This doesn't account for the likes of Scalia, Rehnquist and Thomas.  But they started out as hard-core right-wingers.  Such types don't seem to get liberal.  If Miers is even somewhat moderate, on the other hand, there's a chance she could learn and grow.  The road to becoming liberal is the road to wisdom.

I don't mean by this diary to suggest that this appointment shouldn't be filibustered.  Maybe it should. It's a complete insult for Bush to foist on us yet another of his cronies in such an important post.  In an AP story, White House counselor Dan Bartlett said that Bush had not asked Miers her views on issues like abortion or gay rights.  Excuse me?  Did I read that clearly?  Bush must think the American people are every bit as stupid as he is.  

And yet I still believe that there's a possibility that Miers might turn out better (for us, not for wingnuts) than expected.  

Tags: (all tags) :: Previous Tag Versions

Permalink | 47 comments

  •  The answer is "It doesn't happen." (none / 1)

    Only in wingnut land can O'Connor and Kennedy be considered conservatives who moved to the left.  If you pay attention only to the cultural hot button issues like abortion and school prayer, then the argument seems to make sense because the wingnuts haven't gotten what they wanted.  But the right wing political position on those issues is not in tune with conservative jurisprudence.

    More importantly, if you look at issues of criminal procedure and cases of interest to large corporations, you can really see that there is no movement to the left by the conservative judges.

    •  not O'Connor and Kennedy (none / 0)

      But Stevens, Souter, Brennan, and Warren all shifted significantly to the left.

      "See a world of tanks, ruled by a world of banks." —Sol Invictus

      by Delirium on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 08:29:59 AM PDT

      [ Parent ]

      •  I still disagree (none / 0)

        OK, Brennan maybe.  But while Stevens' positions have evolved slightly, I think he remains within the conservative tradition and only looks liberal compared to the far-right justices appointed more recently.  The Court has shifted right more than he has shifted left.  

        Souter hasn't "moved to the left" at all IMHO; the Republicans didn't know what they were getting and it turned out he wasn't the far rightist the elder Bush sold him as being.

        Warren is the most interesting figure.  I've read some interesting stuff about behind the scenes pressure on him to help the US out in Cold War propaganda by pushing the Court to issue some rulings that Southern seggies hated.  I'm not so sure that marks an evolution to the left or just a very pragmatic Cold Warrior orientation.

        Illegal is not a noun

        by Colorado Luis on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 08:40:08 AM PDT

        [ Parent ]

  •  That's one answer. (none / 0)

    But there's another. DHinMI wrote about it a while back, here.
    •  Or (none / 0)

      Our country is a liberal democracy and our constitution is one of the world's pre-eminent documents on liberalism.
    •  Thanks for that link! (none / 0)

      Good reading over there.
    •  That's perhaps half the answer (none / 0)


      i.e. relatively provincial folk coming into contact with a global picture.

      I feel it goes a bit further than that.  After a while I believe they see that overly rigid or overly loose readings of the Constitution have a very real price in skewing the public life- into excessive vindictiveness or amnesia on crime, into greater absurdity or resentfulness in racial relations, into making a seeming virtue of greed or profligacy, that kind of thing.

      If as a Supreme Court Justice you actually care about all the people of the country in the present in a significant way, I think you end with with Bill Brennan's position.  You make citizenship as complete and good a thing as possible, delegitimating the stuff that cheats people out of living their public and their private lives fully and to fair account.

      If you don't actually care about most of the people of the country and have an ideal, utopia or dystopia, that surpasses the reality of lives lived in the present in importance, you end up with Scalia's or Thomas's verdicts and opinions.  I think Scalia would have us all live in 4th Century Rome from the way he acts and talks.  Thomas would have all of us living in the Georgia of 1860 if not Guinea of 1860.   Rehnquist seems to me to have wanted the status quo of Minnesota circa 1945, of the day he returned from military to civilian life- at a time when a patina of progress was considered good but all power was in the hands of a very white male Anglo-Saxon Establishment.

      I believe the line that separates 'conservative' from 'liberal' in our time, and more clearly so on the Supreme Court than elsewhere, is the interpretation of Section 1 of the 14th Amendment we are willing to live with.  As I look at what I know of the Supreme Court since 1954 or so, all the larger politics revolve around fights to reverse or extend denied 14/1 rights.  Brown v Board.  Griswold.  Goldberg. Loving.  Roe.  Richardson v Ramirez.  Bowers.  Grutter.  The various death penalty cases.  All the arguments about ADA, WAVA, Title IX, affirmative action, the Civil Rights Acts, fair and clean elections, sexual harassment, sentencing, the War on Drugs....   Structural economic rights problems, such the hyperexpansion of corporate personhood, exist for the same reason as the social rights problems- because conservatives and the Right have stifled efforts to bring them into conformity with 14/1 rights of individual citizens.

      Renewal. Not mere reforms. We can no longer afford to worship the god of hate or bow before the altar of retaliation. Martin Luther King Jr.

      by killjoy on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 10:12:46 AM PDT

      [ Parent ]

  •  Depends on what leftwards (4.00 / 4)

    means.  O'Connor and Kennedy have shifted slightly to the left.  But in reality both of them are center-right, it is the political landscape that have shifted hard right, which makes it look like Kennedy and O'Connor have shifted left.  Although there appears to be some real shifts in Kennedy in the last few years, it could be that he is souring on W and has had enough of wingnuts.

    Stevens and Souter have indeed shifted left.  Stevens was the author of an opinion to ban all affirmative action, as late as 1989, he opposed much of the idea of afirmative action, now he is a strong supporter.  It often takes a few years before one can tell how a justice is.  Both Stevens and Souter were pretty conservative in their first couple years.  Even Justice Brennan was pretty conservative in his first couple years, (as acknowledged in an interview once).

    Things can go the other way too.  Justice Frankfurter was once considered a radical, but on the bench he became a strong conservative, and even had qualms about the Court getting involved in Brown v Board.  Justice Byron White was a Kennedy liberal when appointed, but was always a conservative on criminal procedure, and on abortion, and eventually became a conservative on racial issues as well.  And it appears than Justice Stephen Breyer is moving to the right on separation of church and state(perhaps under the influence of his daughter who is an Episcopalian priest), obscenity, and social issues, it would not shock me to see Breyer concur sometime next decade in the eviceration of abortion rights.

    So it is hard to judge Roberts or Meirs before the end of the decade.  Especially Meirs(I think Roberts is an extreme right-winger), who has the potential to turn to the left, but probably not until W leaves the White House.  I think both are strong wingnut(or in the case of Meirs, the way W wants her to vote) votes until 2008.    

    The Clintons are corrupt selfish race baiting zero character scumbags. I'd rather be run over by a tractor-trailer than willfully vote for any Clinton again.

    by IhateBush on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 08:27:10 AM PDT

    •  Byron White (none / 0)

      I'm pretty sure he was fairly conservative from the get-go.
      •  Not on civil rights (none / 0)

        White supported busing across the board, almost any and all types.  
        Not on equality for women(except abortion), White supported equality across the board.  
        White was probably more pro-government and anti-business than any of the nine justices on the Court today.  
        Justice White also dissented in San Antonio v Rodriguez, where the issue of unequal spending for education was challenged in 1973.  

        He was conservative on criminal procedure and abortion and privacy, but quite liberal on other issues, but became more conservative on those issues as well.

        The Clintons are corrupt selfish race baiting zero character scumbags. I'd rather be run over by a tractor-trailer than willfully vote for any Clinton again.

        by IhateBush on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 08:40:37 AM PDT

        [ Parent ]

        •  You have more details (none / 0)

          so I'll defer on that.  Question: do you think Roberts is MORE of a rightwinger than Rehnquist?
          •  I do believe so (none / 0)

            but Roberts is probably more politically adept.  Rehnquist was Chief when the country was moving more to the right.  We might well be entering a period like the Depression era and WWII, and the country might well take a sharp left turn.

            In such a situation, Roberts may well realize that he may have to moderate a bit, especially on economic, corporate, and reform issues, and unlike Scalia, who would love a fight against a Democratic President and Congress, Roberts might not.

            The Clintons are corrupt selfish race baiting zero character scumbags. I'd rather be run over by a tractor-trailer than willfully vote for any Clinton again.

            by IhateBush on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 09:11:06 AM PDT

            [ Parent ]

          •  I'm also concerned about Roberts (none / 0)

            because he is probably more adept in forming majorities on the Court, and thus advancing the conservative cause.  A Chief Justice Scalia would alienate Kennedy, possibly Miers as well, and would prevent Breyer from continuing his right-ward movement.

            I'm really concerned about Justice Breyer, I don't rule out a significant rightward movement by him on social issues.

            The Clintons are corrupt selfish race baiting zero character scumbags. I'd rather be run over by a tractor-trailer than willfully vote for any Clinton again.

            by IhateBush on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 09:13:58 AM PDT

            [ Parent ]

            •  Must take closer look at Breyer (none / 0)

              It sounds bad.

              Good point re: Roberts not alienating others, as Scalia would.

              I guess our best option is to get Democrats back in power so they can legislate liberally.  And they had better do so.  I'm spending a lot of effort on them.

        •  Even on privacy he wasn't exactly (none / 0)

          conservative; he wrote a concurring opinion in Griswold v Connecticut.
          •  His concurring opinion (none / 0)

            stated that he supported overturing the law because it wasn't enforced, suggesting that if it were enforced vigorously, then he might have upheld the law.  Hardly a pro-privacy position.  Same with White's concurring opinion for the decision in 1972 striking down the death penalty.

            The Clintons are corrupt selfish race baiting zero character scumbags. I'd rather be run over by a tractor-trailer than willfully vote for any Clinton again.

            by IhateBush on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 11:29:45 AM PDT

            [ Parent ]

  •  An obvious point: (4.00 / 2)

    Once on the Court they are sworn to uphold the United States Constitution, a fundamentally liberal document.
  •  How about plain old common sense? (none / 0)

    Wingnut policies often are lacking in this regard.
    •  Indeed, it could not be more obvious (none / 0)

      Most good ideas seem "liberal" from the conservative perspective, but once immersed in an actual, rational discourse, the bias trends toward what the middle considers 'left'.
      It isn't really "left" though, it justs looks that way.
  •  Clinton may have said it best (4.00 / 3)

    "When people think, Democrats win."

    A couple of thoughts:

    1. I agree that the Court has not shifted left, as much as the partisan debate in the country has shifted right. This makes it look like the Court has shifted, which it has not.

    2. When intelligent people engage persons of a differing view, their own views are expanded and change.

    3.  If you have respect for the legal precedent in this country, (which conservatives profess, but do not have), the legal precedent commands more liberal results from court decisions. We don't always get it, but the precedent will lead you there.

    Just think how proud you'll be to tell your kids how you voted this year.

    by DyspepTex on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 08:33:49 AM PDT

    •  Regarding number 3 (none / 0)

      If the legal precedent leads toward liberalism, how did the precedent take on the aspect of liberalism to begin with?
      •  It adopted it (none / 1)

        The US constitution is an adoption of a liberal democracy. It was radical at the time it was written.  Since then, the long term historic trend has been to find and define more individual rights. They've also used the constitution to expand the powers of the federal government and, for the last 25 years, had a tendency to reduce the rights of criminal defendants. Most of this has been at the expense of the state powers.

        There is, now, a conflict developing between individual rights (other than criminal defendants) and the powers of the federal government. I believe this is a temporary problem spurred by the reactions to 9/11. We'll get over it, I think, and return to growing individual liberties in a few years (maybe 10-20) from now.

        Just think how proud you'll be to tell your kids how you voted this year.

        by DyspepTex on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 09:18:13 AM PDT

        [ Parent ]

  •  REAL PEOPLE (none / 1)

    In the infrequent case where conservative justices shift "left," the reason (I suspect) is that as they get older and as they recognize that their decisions have an impact on society at large (and not just the immediate litigants) they begin to take a look at people, rather than issues or positions. The shift is not to the "left," but toward pragmatism and humanitarianism.

    My experience with the Supreme Court I practice before - in Rhode Island - is that they decide, based on their outlook, how they want a case to come out, and then find - or invent - the law to justify the result. So the law depends entirely on the judges' points of view - and if they find themselves actually caring, instead of pontificating, they can wind up doing the right thing.

    That said, there are justices - Scalia, Thomas - who will never slip off their ideology. You have to suspect that people like that are sociopaths - they care about principles, not people, and that is about the worst thing you can get in a judge.

    •  Yes (none / 1)

      as they get older and as they recognize that their decisions have an impact on society at large (and not just the immediate litigants) they begin to take a look at people, rather than issues or positions. The shift is not to the "left," but toward pragmatism and humanitarianism.

      And humanitarianism is liberal.  I would even argue that pragmatism is liberal.

  •  Another factor (none / 0)

    Scalia and Thomas are just so damn unpleasant, any vote that would piss them off is going to have inherent appeal.
  •  Personally... (none / 0)

    I like my answer:

    'Coz the right is just too damn batshit crazy!

  •  corollary (none / 0)

    I see it as a corollary to my views on why many "true" journalists and most academics self report as being more liberal.

    And what could be the explanation for that?  Why is it that the better informed (journalists) and the more highly educated (academics)tend toward liberal views?

    Oh ok, maybe that question sort of answers itself.

    There's a reason why the far right has an interest in a non-effctive media and a non-effective educational system.

    "...reality has a well known liberal bias."

    by evil twin on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 09:20:52 AM PDT

  •  Two Words (none / 0)

    Lifetime appointment.  
  •  I think there is one point (none / 0)

    being missed here: group psychology. It is natural for members of a group to position themselves in relation to each other. If you are moderately conservative, say, and you hang out with someone more conservative, your natural instincts are to contrast yourself to that POV. In any group of 9 people there will always be a scale between liberal and conservative, relative to each other. It might be initially a liberal or conservative group, but they will always scale to each other.

    I certainly think there are other things that influences the SC justices, including that the very nature of judging requires exposing yourself to two opposing positions. Only in the case of the extreme right or extreme right wings of the group is there little room to maneuver.

    Another aspect that we cannot explore is whether liberal judges tend in general to drift more to the Right. Besides Ginsburg and Breyer all of the sitting justices are Repub appointees. Recent history does not give us the opportunity to postulate that justices on the SC have a tendency to drift toward the center, since most of our examples are conservatives who drift left. I mean, does anyone have an example of liberal justices that drifted even more to the left?

    ___
    To achieve the impossible, it is precisely the unthinkable that must be thought.
    ~Tom Robbins

    Conlige suspectos semper habitos

    by Marcus Junius Brutus on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 09:48:35 AM PDT

    •  See how they line up (none / 1)

      based on their 15-year voting history in this blog:

      http://www.dailykos.com/story/2005/9/6/122546/9112

      There's a huge gap between the left and right leaning justices. O'Connor and Kennedy are clearly on the right.

      Lead, follow, or get out of the way.

      by TerraByte on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 10:19:31 AM PDT

      [ Parent ]

      •  Yes (none / 0)

        I remember reading that excellent diary, TerraByte.

        But the main point of my diary is that the postulate that justices of the SC naturally drift left seems incomplete. We have too little data on whether attributed liberals (at time of appointment) also drift left or whether there are other factors at play such as group dynamics or whether the tendency is to drift to the left if you are conservative and to the right if you are liberal. I did not mean to imply that one indeed reaches the center, but rather that the center is a possible direction of the drift in historical terms.

        ___
        To achieve the impossible, it is precisely the unthinkable that must be thought.
        ~Tom Robbins

        Conlige suspectos semper habitos

        by Marcus Junius Brutus on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 10:33:46 AM PDT

        [ Parent ]

        •  Yes (none / 1)

          I'll have to look back at that data to look at changes over time. From a statistical view, in this analysis anyway, justices start at moderate and establish their leaning by their voting pattern over time.

          I wonder if the conventional wisdom of (a) drift to left or (b) drift to moderate is being replaced by (c) drift to extreme as a reflection of what's happening in the electorate.

          Lead, follow, or get out of the way.

          by TerraByte on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 11:30:32 AM PDT

          [ Parent ]

      •  O'Connor and Kennedy aren't lefties (none / 1)

        My argument was merely that they (to use Frum's words) shifted leftward. Not that they became full-blown libruls or anything.  

        Marcus above had an interesting question about whether liberals, once appointed, shift rightward.  That's probably a lot harder to determine especially as even our only recent Democratic president felt he had to appoint people who were moderate-left.  We haven't had a freaking all-out liberal appointed to the SC in a damn long time.

        •  I remember Brennan (none / 0)

          I saw an episode of West Wing (which I rarely watch) in which instead of filling two Supreme Court vacancies with two moderates, President Whatshisname nominated a raving librul and a slobbering neocon to provide more diversity. I remember Glenn Close was the librul and that I liked Martin Sheen better as the president than as Robert E. Lee.

          Lead, follow, or get out of the way.

          by TerraByte on Tue Oct 04, 2005 at 11:37:24 AM PDT

          [ Parent ]

      •  Interesting analysis (none / 1)

        I just read your earlier diary.  It's an 11-year voting history you analyzed, right?  Do you have any sense of whether O'Connor has shifted leftward at all from her earliest years?  Or Breyer to the right?  Or any of them.  It would be interesting to see that kind of analysis, which is probably out there somewhere on the internet if I knew where to look.

        Clearly, the court is now more conservative than it was 20 years ago.  No argument there.

  •  Reality makes you liberal (none / 0)

    We all joke about how you have to drink the Koolaid to really believe neocon stuff.  Reality doesn't support their ideas.  They compensate with this "with us or against us" black-and-white simplified view that lets them exclude the parts of reality that don't match.  On the Supreme Court you spend your life dealing with the thorniest, grayest issues in the country.  It takes a lot of Koolaid to ignore that for 20 years.  

Permalink | 47 comments