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Khadaffi: End Middle East Apartheid

Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 06:37:44 PM PDT

It seems an almost incontrovertible rule of geopolitical machinations: at some point, up will always seem like down and yesterday's despot is today's voice of reason.  Such is the case with the typically odious Moammar Khadaffi.  Yesterday, Kahdaffi suggested that the Saudi government end its religious apartheid over the city of Mecca.

Mecca is the holiest city in Islam, and only Muslims are allowed entry by the Saudi government.  No other city in the Middle East, and possibly the world, practices such open religious discrimination.

As the traditional Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca is upon us, Khadaffi has taken the opportunity to call on the Saudis to end such discrimination. Saudi Arabia should "allow Jews and Christians to visit Mecca and circle the Kaaba [cubical building surrounded by the Sacred Mosque]." (Yediot).  More after the flip.


(Highway sign leading into Mecca)

In the up is down, somewhat "bizarro" world of the Middle East, Khadaffi is also the leader supporting a sham court decision sentencing five Bulgarian nurses and a Palestinian doctor to death for supposedly infecting some 400 children with HIV.  Maybe this is him throwing a bone to the Western audiences that condemn such an audacious decision, maybe this is part of an overall shift, or maybe it's just the broken clock being right twice a day.

Either way, Khadaffi is right. Saudi Arabia is pretty blatant about their discrimination. One can only imagine that if they made a good faith effort to rectify their own situation, they might prove to be a peacemaker in the Middle East.

Tags: middle east, libya, mecca, saudi arabia, apartheid, Muammar Gaddafi, bulgaria, palestine (all tags) :: Previous Tag Versions

Permalink | 162 comments

  •  "Either way, Khadaffi is right" (8+ / 0-)

    Never has a scarier sentence been written on DailyKos.

    The Republican Party is neither pro-republic nor pro-party. Discuss!

    by Nathaniel Ament Stone on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 06:36:00 PM PDT

  •  Even a broken, dictatorial clock... (7+ / 0-)

    ...is right once a millenium.

    John McCain is NOT a Bush supporter. He may be a liar, a pig, an idiot, a Bush supporter, but he is NOT a porn star.

    by DH from MD on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 06:45:57 PM PDT

  •  I heard an in depth report (2+ / 0-)

    Recommended by:
    Wee Mama, ohcanada

    on the Libya nurse thing somewhere (probably NPR -- yeah, yeah, I know, they're Republicans, yeah, yeah) and, as you might expect, it's more complicated than it's made out to be.  It's all going down in a part of the country in which Quadaffi is unpopular and in which he apparently has relatively little control -- thus the Libyan supreme court decision throwing out the original decision, now reinstated by the original court.

    John McCain, you are _not_ my friend.

    by LarryInNYC on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 06:51:41 PM PDT

  •  I cannot agree. It's their religion (3+ / 0-)

    Recommended by:
    londonbear, npbeachfun, Red Sox

    So long as they are ceded the authority to make religious determinationas, and administer access to the holy sites, the Saudis can certainly decide who has access. It's not the same as the situation here where state governments mandated separation and sanctioned discrimination. It may be discrimnation, but it's not necessarily wrong. It might be cool for me to circle the thing and participate with a million Muslims, but it its their right to restrict my access. And, out of respect for their faith, I shouldn't be offended. It's not like I'm being denied equal treatment to some secular thing. This is a place whose sole attraction is its religious aspect. I may believe it would be interesting to see it, but their right to define their own faith supercedes my right to intrude on their religious ground.

    Coming Soon -- to an Internet connection near you: Armisticeproject.org

    by FischFry on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 07:04:31 PM PDT

    •  I have to agree with you (2+ / 0-)

      Recommended by:
      npbeachfun, Red Sox

      It's rather like the right to be wrong.  If the prohibition is in the Quran, to do otherwise would be against the religion - and it is the state religion.

      •  Being in a religious text (2+ / 0-)

        Recommended by:
        theran, GoldnI

        doesn't make it right. If states acted in accordance with religious texts or in accordance with their preferred interpretation of religious texts, there'd be a whole lot more dead people.

      •  So you wouldn't object (4+ / 0-)

        Recommended by:
        dvo, GoldnI, Red Sox, Corwin Weber

        to the Temple being rebuilt in Jerusalem?

        How did I live without him?

        by Pumpkinlove on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 07:15:10 PM PDT

        [ Parent ]

        •  Why should I - (1+ / 0-)

          Recommended by:
          npbeachfun

          if it didn't involve tearing down the Al-Aqsa Mosque or confiscating any more Palestinian property to put it on.

          •  Why can't they tear down al-Aqsa? (2+ / 0-)

            Recommended by:
            Pumpkinlove, Corwin Weber

            I don't think they should, but if you're willing to grant that much latitude to the Saudis based on their religious-based demand for a Muslim-only city, why not grant equal sovereignty to Israel over the Temple Mount and al-Aqsa? Maybe both tearing down a mosque and practicing apartheid in Mecca are both bad ideas...

            •  Should they tear down the mosque (1+ / 0-)

              Recommended by:
              npbeachfun

              in [whereveritis] in India to rebuild the Temple of Shiva?

              Each religion has a claim.

              The difference is that no one who is not a Muslim can be said to have a right to go to Mecca.  The people who were displaced to build the mosque there have been blown away with the sands, and therefore no one else has a claim on the place.   No one not a Muslim is forced to go to Saudi Arabia, and anyone who does is aware of the restrictions.  So I can not identify anyone who is wronged by this particular act of discrimination.

              •  Whoa. That's circular reasoning (0+ / 0-)

                "The difference is that no one who is not a Muslim can be said to have a right to go to Mecca."

                That's the whole question isn't it? Whether or not someone who is not a Muslim can be said to have a right to go to Mecca. The Saudis say no, and offer up the tenets of their religion as an explanation. You're accepting the Saudis right to decide who has and who does not have a right to go there. As it happens, I agree with you. Not everyone does. Qaddafi is saying that's discrimination -- that everyone should have a right to go there. He's correct -- it's just that in comparing the relative weight of the discrimination against the insult to the religion to change that practice, I come out on the Saudis side.

                Coming Soon -- to an Internet connection near you: Armisticeproject.org

                by FischFry on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:24:35 PM PDT

                [ Parent ]

              •  Scholars, businessmen (0+ / 0-)

                How did I live without him?

                by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:33:00 AM PDT

                [ Parent ]

              •  Scholars, businessmen (0+ / 0-)

                How did I live without him?

                by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:33:41 AM PDT

                [ Parent ]

              •  "Blown away with the sands" (2+ / 0-)

                Recommended by:
                Pumpkinlove, jdcondit

                Such a callous and chilling way to describe the destruction of the animists, Christians and Jews who refused to accept the new Muslim faith upon the conquest of Mecca. The Kaaba was an object of veneration before the advent of Islam.

                Democrats: Members of the Democratic Party working to advance democracy; Republicons: Members of the Republicanist Party working to advance Republicanism

                by word is bond on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:58:59 AM PDT

                [ Parent ]

                •  So it was (1+ / 0-)

                  Recommended by:
                  jdcondit

                  and so was Jerusalem.

                  Read Shelley's Ozymandias.

                  Nothing beside remains.  Round the decay
                  Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare
                  The lone and level sands stretch far away.

                  That's the way history is.

                  My point is that if any of the nonMuslim descendants of those animists, Christians and Jews could show their ancestors once lived in Mecca and they had a legal claim to property there, they might have a case to having a right to go there.

                  Failing this, I know of nothing that would give anyone any such right.

            •  What are we the Taliban? (2+ / 0-)

              Recommended by:
              curmudgiana, jdcondit

              Are we really disusing this?
              The Buddhas of Bamyan, Built in the 6th century.
              Photobucket - Video and Image HostingPhotobucket - Video and Image HostingPhotobucket - Video and Image Hosting
              Destroyed by the Taliban.

              The Al Aqsa Mosque Photobucket - Video and Image Hosting built in the 8th century.
              It is a historic monument.

              There are a number of Religions that don’t allow outsides into their places of worship: Tibetan Buddhists- Mormons- there are more...

              "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

              by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:56:53 AM PDT

              [ Parent ]

          •  Because Al Aqsa rests on the Temple's remains (1+ / 0-)

            Recommended by:
            shpilk

            or so we believe. It was built deliberately to do so.  So rebuilding the Temple would require destroying the mosque.

            Furthermore,  Judaism is Israel's state religion.  The Temple Mount, Western (no longer wailing!) Wall and the Cave of the Patriachs are the most important sights to Judaism.  Should Israel assert her authority over them?

            How did I live without him?

            by Pumpkinlove on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 07:48:50 PM PDT

            [ Parent ]

            •  No, because that would mean violating (1+ / 0-)

              Recommended by:
              npbeachfun

              someone else's rights.

              If a Temple is so important, it can be built elsewhere.  It wouldn't be the same Temple, regardless.  

              •  So... (1+ / 0-)

                Recommended by:
                Pumpkinlove

                banning one from entry into a city based on their religious beliefs is OK.

                Eliminating a building based on one's religious beliefs is not OK.

                Doesn't seem to compute.

                •  It is a question of rights (1+ / 0-)

                  Recommended by:
                  npbeachfun

                  What right do non-Muslims have to enter Mecca?

                  You can ban me from entering your house.  You have a right to do this, I don't have a right to be there.

                  •  What rights (1+ / 0-)

                    What right do non-Muslims have to enter Mecca?

                    Well, no one in Saudi Arabia really has many rights, but non-Muslims have as much right to go to Mecca as non-Jews have to go to Jerusalem. That is to say one has effectively as much right as the state grants them.  Any athiest, Buddhist, or any other kind of believer may go to any city in just about any country. States that forbid entire religions (and non-religions) of people from entry to an entire city deserve scorn.

                    You can ban me from entering your house.  You have a right to do this, I don't have a right to be there.

                    A landowner exercising domain over his home is not entirely analogous to a state determining which religions may enter an entire city. One has to do with private property rights, the other with freedom of movement and travel.

                    •  Any state has the right (0+ / 0-)

                      to bar entry to noncitizens and to regulate the activies of those it allows entry.  There is not absolutely free, unregulared freedom of movement and travel anywhere.

                      Saudi Arabia considers its entire nation as existing to serve the Muslim religion.  That's their thing.  But nobody else is forced to go there.

                      •  So its ok w/ you (2+ / 0-)

                        Recommended by:
                        word is bond, npbeachfun, Red Sox

                        that Israel doesn't allow Palestinians married to Israelis to enter Israel because Israel has the right to bar entry to noncitizens.   I'm so glad we've cleared that up.

                        How did I live without him?

                        by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:42:12 AM PDT

                        [ Parent ]

                        •  Its not ok with me (1+ / 0-)

                          Recommended by:
                          jdcondit

                          Its not ok with
                          Amnesty International, The UN, Human Right Groups

                          "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

                          by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:07:13 AM PDT

                          [ Parent ]

                          •  Why can S. Arabia control who enters (0+ / 0-)

                            their country but Israel cannot?

                            How did I live without him?

                            by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:13:59 AM PDT

                            [ Parent ]

                            •  S. Arabia control enters their holy city (2+ / 0-)

                              Recommended by:
                              curmudgiana, jdcondit

                              Israel Control who enter the country- who can have a visa and who can not.

                              "Nationality and Entry into Israel Law"
                              Prohibits Palestinian spouses from obtaining citizenship, permanent residency and temporary residency status in Israel by marriage to an Israeli citizen, a process referred to as "family reunification."

                              The law defines "area" as Judea, Samaria or the Gaza Strip; Judea and Samaria are more commonly known as the West Bank

                              The Law impacts couples who had been living together in Israel while trying to get reunification approval. Under the new law, thousands of Palestinians living in Israel must go back to the West Bank or Gaza, and they will be denied identity cards—their passports to get past police checkpoints.

                              According to the law a child over the age of 12 who was born in the West Bank will not be able to receive a permit to enter or a permit to reside in Israel even if his parent is an Israeli Citizen or Resident.

                              I want to know of any country that removes Children from their parent?

                              The Law is it was passed in 2003 at the time there were thousands of families with children waiting for their applications to go through. These people were married in the 1990's they had no way of knowing this would happen to their families.  

                              The Law also ignores background and summarily rejects everyone.

                              "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

                              by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 03:30:30 AM PDT

                              [ Parent ]

                              •  Hmmm (1+ / 0-)

                                Recommended by:
                                Pumpkinlove

                                The Law also ignores background and summarily rejects everyone.

                                Which you could say about Saudi laws governing access to Mecca. If you're not a Muslim, then you have to get out. But if Israel does it, then it's not OK for some reason.

                                •  Wow, Israel laws Equal to S. Arabia (1+ / 0-)

                                  Recommended by:
                                  jdcondit

                                  Gosh how proud you must be, Israel on the same playing filled as S. Arabia. Bravo!

                                  Which you could say about Saudi laws governing access to Mecca. If you're not a Muslim, then you have to get out. But if Israel does it, then it's not OK for some reason.

                                  How proud you must be, next thing I’ll hear is Israel Religious Police Let Girls Burn in there School For Not wearing the Right Clothes- Or Killing Women that were Raped unless Her Rapist want to Marry her!

                                  Fan F*cken Tastic!

                                  "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

                                  by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 05:43:05 AM PDT

                                  [ Parent ]

                                  •  And the goalposts fly (1+ / 0-)

                                    Recommended by:
                                    jdcondit

                                    How proud you must be, next thing I’ll hear is Israel Religious Police Let Girls Burn in there School For Not wearing the Right Clothes- Or Killing Women that were Raped unless Her Rapist want to Marry her

                                    Fan F*cken Tastic!

                                    You're cute when you're frothing at the mouth. If your scneario ever happened, you can be quite sure you'd hear about it no no end here from the usual suspects. You can be equally sure that if that Saudi bastion of religious enlightenment repeated those scenarios, the Israel-obsessed would have very little to criticize. After all, who are we to judge...unless it's Israel.

                                    Israel's standards aren't the point of this diary. If you wish to continue with your semi-lucid rants about how awful Israel is, I'm sure you'll find plenty of diaries where it's germane.

                                    This diary is about how the delightful Saudi government practices state-sponsored apartheid and how the usualy odious Moammar Jhadaffi voiced his disapproval.

                                •  IFF (2+ / 0-)

                                  Recommended by:
                                  npbeachfun, jdcondit

                                  a nonMuslim were already living in Mecca, with family and/or property there, and was told to get out, I would agree that this would violate that person's rights.

                                  Indeed, I could see a case for arguing that a Muslim's rights might be violated if the Muslim living in Mecca married a Jew, say, and were forced to move because of this.

                              •  Read curmudgiana's post again please (0+ / 0-)

                                How did I live without him?

                                by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 04:19:29 AM PDT

                                [ Parent ]

                              •  Source? (0+ / 0-)

                                How did I live without him?

                                by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 05:47:58 AM PDT

                                [ Parent ]

                        •  In this case, (1+ / 0-)

                          Recommended by:
                          npbeachfun

                          the restriction does indeed violate a human right, as right-thinking Israelis agree.

                      •  That's their thing? how did I miss this? (0+ / 0-)

                        Saudi Arabia considers its entire nation as existing to serve the Muslim religion.  That's their thing.  But nobody else is forced to go there.

                        Israel conssiders its entire nation as existing to serve the Jewish religion.  That's their thing.  Nobody else is forced to go there.

                        Two things... what about non-Muslims who live in Saudi Arabia?  Is it ok to keep them out of Mecca?    If so, why can't Israel keep out non-Jews from Jerusalem?  It is their thing after all.

                        How did I live without him?

                        by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:06:52 AM PDT

                        [ Parent ]

                      •  It's their thing (0+ / 0-)

                        so its okay when they arrest people for practicing Christianity?
                        when they kill non-Muslims for entering holy sites?
                        when they arrest people and deport them for having a Bible?

                        How did I live without him?

                        by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:13:06 AM PDT

                        [ Parent ]

                  •  What right to non-Catholics have to enter (0+ / 0-)

                    the Vatican city?   Should they be kept out too?

                    What a loss to scholars, architects, historians and tourists then.

                    How did I live without him?

                    by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:07:54 AM PDT

                    [ Parent ]

                  •  Why aren't nonMuslims allowed to enter Mecca? (0+ / 0-)

                    Is it because they are dirty?

                    How did I live without him?

                    by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:12:11 AM PDT

                    [ Parent ]

                  •  Your opinion on the US restricting immigration? (0+ / 0-)

                    Do we have the right to ban others from entering our house? Sounds lilke you would have no problem with building the fence? How about this: What if in the 1950s, the US declared it was a white nation, and restricted where blacks could go? Obviously, blacks would be free to leave -- no one would be forcing them to remain.

                    Your reasoning is just completely circular -- you say that non-Muslims have no right to go to Mecca, so the Saudis have the right to keep them out. Where does a state derive the power to say one group of people can come to this city, but others can't? Where does the first group get the right to go there, but the second group not have the same right?

                    You can't say non-Muslims have no right to go there -- that only Muslims do have such a right. Where would that right come from? I don't deny the right of non-Muslims to go anywhere in the world that they please -- I just argue that it may be OK to restrict the right in some circumstances.

                    Coming Soon -- to an Internet connection near you: Armisticeproject.org

                    by FischFry on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 07:38:47 AM PDT

                    [ Parent ]

                    •  There is no such thing (1+ / 0-)

                      Recommended by:
                      npbeachfun

                      as an unrestricted natural right to go wherever one pleases.

                      A state, in its sovereignty, decides what civil rights people will have within its jurisdiction.  This power derives from its sovereignty as a state.  These civil rights vary from one state to another.

                      The question here is whether Saudi Arabia, in denying non Muslims the civil right to go to Mecca, is denying their natural rights as human beings.

                      I believe it is not.  I see no argument that there is such a natural right.

                      •  So Israel can (0+ / 0-)

                        revoke residency of non citizens?  
                        refuse entry of non citizens?

                        How did I live without him?

                        by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 09:18:20 AM PDT

                        [ Parent ]

                        •  differant- (0+ / 0-)

                          Israel said obey the law and you can become a Resident.
                          They open doors and wove path of paper work saying if you do all of this things you family can live here make a home here-

                          and then said Oh never you mind- go live in the ghetto now and take you half breed children with You!

                          How can you not see that this is differant?

                          "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

                          by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 09:24:38 AM PDT

                          [ Parent ]

                          •  That's not what happened and you know it. (0+ / 0-)

                            Nor should it be what happens.

                            But Curmudgiana is applying different standards for Israel than other places.

                            How did I live without him?

                            by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 10:44:19 AM PDT

                            [ Parent ]

                            •  Isreal changed Law in 2003- without warning (1+ / 0-)

                              Recommended by:
                              curmudgiana

                              Adel Hussein- who Son (Muhammad Hussein) is serving in the Israeli army.

                              If you live in Israel you know what I am talking about

                              There is also Israel Arab woman that is divorced with 7 children all of her children live with her and her family in Jerusalem after the law was passed she tried to find a way to keep her children in Israel. Her three oldest were all over the age of 12, she lost and her children now live in the West Bank with their father.

                              This was all over the News in 2003 If you don’t know what I am talking about you are not who you say you are.

                              "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

                              by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 11:22:41 AM PDT

                              [ Parent ]

                •  Thats right- (1+ / 0-)

                  Recommended by:
                  curmudgiana

                  I dont get what you dint understand?

                  Indigenous peoples thoughout the world have scarce places- Hawaiians have scarce place where they dont allow visitors - They have  Scarce Holy Rituals on Reservations "Tribal Lands" that you are not welcome to Witness unless you belong to the Tribe- Orthodox do not let men sit with woman- this could go on...

                  What are we The Holy Mother Church That Decides the pagans beliefs are less important then our own?

                  I believe in the "Bill of Right" and freedom of religion-

                  you pick the wrong Argument, there is enough horor in the house Saud, but you are Comparing Apple and Oranges.

                  Link

                  "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

                  by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 08:47:37 AM PDT

                  [ Parent ]

              •  How? (0+ / 0-)

                The Al Aqsa mosque was bult deliberately to restrict the Jews rights to rebuild their Temple.  Shouldn't it then be torn down and the Temple be rebuilt?  Why do their rights supercede the Jews?

                The Temple wouldn't be the Temple if it were not built on the remains of the other two Temples or so many believe.

                How did I live without him?

                by Pumpkinlove on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:11:57 PM PDT

                [ Parent ]

                •  You will have to show evidence (1+ / 0-)

                  Recommended by:
                  npbeachfun

                  about this claim wrt the mosque.

                  No matter where it is built, the Temple won't be the Temple, as it will not contain the Ark.  Unless the Ethiopians are right, and they have it there, and are willing to sell it.

                  •  , (0+ / 0-)

                    "We believe that Islam is the third and last religion. It came to complete the monotheistic message. The mosque is here at the place of the temple to serve for the same purpose, for the work of Allah."

                    They put the Mosque on the Temple.  They knew it was the Temple and they knew that putting their Mosque there would forestall any futre rebuilding.

                    Shouldn't it be torn down and returned to those to whom it belongs?

                    How did I live without him?

                    by Pumpkinlove on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 02:27:37 AM PDT

                    [ Parent ]

                    •  The Dome of the Rock (1+ / 0-)

                      Recommended by:
                      npbeachfun

                      The Koran (Quran) mentions the twofold destruction of the Temple. It also tells us that while in Medina, Muhammad changed the qiblah from Jerusalem to Mecca. Originally, that is, he prayed in the same direction as the Jews, who formed a large congregation in Medina. Thus the Muslims knew about the Temple, although it had disappeared almost 500 years before the birth of Islam. The chief name for Jerusalem among their early historians was "the Holy House." This was later shortened to the present designation, "the Holy" (al-Quds).

                      It is not surprising, then, that when the Muslims conquered Jerusalem in 638 AD under the Caliph Omar, they reverently cleaned the area and erected a wooden mosque. This was "near the eastern wall," said Arculf around 680. Eight years later the Umayyad Caliph Abd al-Malik began to build the Dome of the Rock, which he finished in 691. The original building has survived (except for the dome, replaced in 1022, and some of the decoration).

                      No one does archaeology near the Dome. Maimonides reported that Josiah hid the Ark of the Covenant below the Temple (The Book of Temple Service, 17), yet earlier sources say nothing of this. It is doubtful whether a dig would turn up much: if the Romans didn't level the area, later builders surely did. Despite the lack of definitive evidence, however, most scholars accept the place of the Dome as that where the Temple stood.

                      How would the Muslims have known that this was the holy place? The decisive factor was probably the prominent outcropping of bedrock: no other spot on the mountain could compete with it for numinous power. Another factor may have played a part: in the decades between the Muslim conquest and the building of the dome in 691, Jews were again permitted to pray on the Mount, and they focused on "the pierced stone."  

                      As to al-Malik's motive in building it, the founder's inscription offers a clue. We can see this upon entering. Piers and pillars divide the area around the rock into two "ambulatories," outer and inner. These eight dividing piers and sixteen pillars support arches, above which is a band of writing. It runs on both sides of the arcade for a total of 240 meters. Apart from giving credit to the builder and telling us the date, it contains a citation from the Koran (Qur'an), Sura 4, verse 171:

                      O followers of the Book! do not exceed the limits in your religion, and do not speak (lies) against Allah, but (speak) the truth; the Messiah, Isa son of Marium is only an apostle of Allah and His Word which He communicated to Marium and a spirit from Him; believe therefore in Allah and His apostles, and say not, Three. Desist, it is better for you; Allah is only one God; far be It from His glory that He should have a son. Whatever is in the heavens and whatever is in the earth is His, and Allah is sufficient for a Protector.

                      This shows one of al-Malik's motives. The Koran had laid on Muslims the religious duty of striving (jihad) to bring Islam to the world. The only serious rival was Christianity. Here the Muslims had taken over a Christian city with many beautiful churches, among them the (then) magnificent Church of the Resurrection (now called the Holy Sepulcher). In the words of a 10th-century Muslim historian who lived in Jerusalem:

                      Caliph Abd al-Malik, noting the greatness of the Dome of the Holy Sepulcher and its magnificence, was moved lest it should dazzle the minds of Muslims and so erected, above the Rock, the Dome which is now seen there. (Muqaddasi, pp. 22-23 )

                      (Many say that al-Malik had a political rival in Mecca: he built the Dome so that his subjects would pilgrim to Jerusalem, rather than make the obligatory haj. If so, that would have been heresy, but the notion is suspect. Its earliest source is a 9th-century Abbasid historian, Yaqubi. No other contemporary or near-contemporary historian mentions it. The Abbasids were interested in discrediting the Umayyad caliphs. One of them even substituted his own name for al-Malik's in the founding inscription of the Dome of the Rock, but forgot to change the date.)

                      Murphy-O'Connor (p.86)  suggests an additional motive. By its splendor, we have seen, this Muslim-funded building was to outshine the Christian Holy Sepulcher. By its place, it would present Islam as God's more perfect successor to Judaism. In Muslim belief, Islam completes and perfects the truths of both its monotheistic forebears. The embodiment of this fulfillment is the Dome of the Rock.

                      That makes sense, and yet -- why not then erect a specifically Islamic building? In those days that would have meant a mosque for congregational prayer, to replace the modest wooden one that Arculf saw in 680. The Dome of the Rock, an octagon, will not do for a congregation. Rather, it closely resembles contemporary octagonal churches of Christendom: for example, that over Peter's House in Capernaum, the Church of Mary on Mt. Gerizim, and the portion of the Holy Sepulcher around the grave of Jesus. The dome of the last was 20.46 meters in diameter, that of the Muslim shrine 20.44: a one-inch difference.

                      The octagonal church in Christendom, not built for a congregation, typically commemorates an event or honors a saint. Instead of erecting a mosque on the rock, al-Malik put up this shrine. Was he commemorating something?

                      In the minds and hearts of Muslims, the Dome of the Rock does have a specifically Islamic significance, and perhaps it already had it then. Muslims believe that Muhammad ascended to heaven from here. The first verse of Sura 17 in the Koran states:

                      Glory be to Him who carried His servant by night from the holy shrine to the distant shrine (al-masjid al-aqsa)  the precincts of which We have blessed, that We might show him some of our (miraculous) signs.

                      (This verse appears on the drum outside. The tiling, redone in the 20th century, copied the 16th-century repairs of the Turkish Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. He too may have copied an inscription that was already there.)

                      http://72.14.205.104/...

              •  I don't believe it can be somewhere else (1+ / 0-)

                Recommended by:
                Pumpkinlove

                I believe most strains of Judaism maintain that the Temple must be rebuilt on the site of the old -- as was done once before. It's not about whether it is the same Temple, so much as the site. Therein lies the rub. One site requiring two separate, incompatible uses -- though one may question whether the Islamic claim is a legitimate part of the religion, or a fabrication raised to lay calim to the site, we are stuck with it.

                Coming Soon -- to an Internet connection near you: Armisticeproject.org

                by FischFry on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:17:23 PM PDT

                [ Parent ]

            •  Um (1+ / 0-)

              Recommended by:
              npbeachfun

              I don't believe it is correct to say that "Judaism is Israel's state religion". Israel is a Jewish state, and elements of Judaism influence public policy (such as Sabbath observance), but I don't think Israel had declared a state or official religion.

              Democrats: Members of the Democratic Party working to advance democracy; Republicons: Members of the Republicanist Party working to advance Republicanism

              by word is bond on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:30:29 AM PDT

              [ Parent ]

          •  Furthermore (0+ / 0-)

            You cannot have a non-Cohenim in the holiest of holies, now can you?  So, that would defintely require the destruction of the mosque deliberately built on the Temple's remains to keep it from being rebuilt.

            Why are you going to stifle the fullest expression of Judaism by forcing Jews to allow non-Cohenim to walk above the holiest of holies while supporting Islam's right to keep non-Muslims out of an entire city?

            How did I live without him?

            by Pumpkinlove on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:05:09 PM PDT

            [ Parent ]

          •  Are Palestinians allowed to restrict Jews (0+ / 0-)

            access to holy sites in the West Bank once there is a Palestine?

            How did I live without him?

            by Pumpkinlove on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:17:27 PM PDT

            [ Parent ]

        •  where in Jerusalem? (0+ / 0-)

          "Spell check helps, dyslexia still wins"

          by npbeachfun on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:09:08 AM PDT

          [ Parent ]

      •  Agree with whom? Me or the diarist? (0+ / 0-)

        I'm not sure if your comments are saying you're OK to allow such discrimination, so long as it's in the Qu'ran? If so, I'm not sure why you limit it to the Qu'ran. There other sources of Islamic law.....Are we to set up outside judges to determine whether and what a religion requires, or assess the authoritativeness of certain sources? One may decide from the outside that some practices are so odious that we will not accept them, regardless of what the religion may or may not require -- but I wouldn't want to judge whether a practice is or is not required by that religion -- and I wouldn't find this prohibition to be so odious that it should be stopped.

        Coming Soon -- to an Internet connection near you: Armisticeproject.org

        by FischFry on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:12:41 PM PDT

        [ Parent ]

        •  I was agreeing with you, actually (1+ / 0-)

          Recommended by:
          npbeachfun

          In Islam, the Quran is believed to be the literal and actual word of God.  It has an authority than no other source does.  Other sources are subject to interpretation, that one is not.

          In this country, with no state religion, we tolerate religious practices only up to a point.  The law can override them.

          In a country with a state religion, who or what is to override it?  What sanctions can be taken against it?

      •  Source of the prohibition (0+ / 0-)

        Does anyone know if the prohibition is in the Quran? Downthread, londonbear says it is not.

        Democrats: Members of the Democratic Party working to advance democracy; Republicons: Members of the Republicanist Party working to advance Republicanism

        by word is bond on Wed Jan 03, 2007 at 01:20:02 AM PDT

        [ Parent ]

    •  So you'd be cool with Jews being kept out of (2+ / 0-)

      Recommended by:
      shpilk, GoldnI

      Notre Dame in Paris? Or any of the hundreds of other religious sites there? Hell, why don't we just keep 'em out of the city altogether? Since the religious sites are so close together and all. Or maybe we can keep them in ghettoes . . .yeah, that's the ticket.

      •  I don't think there's a logical leap (0+ / 0-)

        from "X Religion Only in This Town" (a practice I agree is quite odious) and ghettoizing religious communities. Maybe there's a slippery slope argument to be made, but I think it's a bit of a stretch.

        I also think that if it was a Christian state or Israel with a policy like this, there'd be a greater uproar here.

        •  I think it's a quite reasonable leap. (1+ / 0-)

          Recommended by:
          npbeachfun

          Keeping out and ghettoizing are really the same thing. The difference is only in the pre-existing population. Once a people are kept out of a certain area, no matter how small, it's a very small step to keep the in their "appropriate" place. The only difference in the post I was responding to seems to be whether or not anybody of the marginal group would like to go there.

          My example was perhaps a bit disingenuous, since Paris did of course keep Jews out of Notre Dame and did put Jews in ghettoes during most of its history.

          •  THe thing is it would be OK (0+ / 0-)

            If it was in the religion that it was sacred ground only to be tread upon by those who accept the faith -- I think that would be fine. Of course, how one determines who has accepted the faith and who has not could be problematic. But, the principle would not bother me. Heck, in my religion, only Priests were allowed in the Holy of Holies -- it wasn't even open to 99.99999% of the faith. I'm not for dicrimination based upon religion, but neither to I believe in disrespecting religions to the point of telling them thar they must open their ceremonies and their most sacred places to curious non-believers.

            There is no connection with ghettoizing. We're not talking about telling people where they may live or work or any such thing. Just a question of whether non-believers must be granted access to religious rites and the sites on which those rites occur.

            As for access to those rites -- I don't know if you're Jewish, but most temples now retrict access on the high holidays to Temple members who've purchased tickets for the services. This is done as a fundraiser, but it now doubles as a security measure -- as many Temples are forced now to employ security. In some countries, those security measures apply on Sabbath services as well.

            Do you believe that is illegal? If you do, I think you've allowed a belief in "law" or "non-discrmination" to overcome reason. Frankly, if you think the Saudis should be forced to open those sites to non-believers, I say the same.

            Coming Soon -- to an Internet connection near you: Armisticeproject.org

            by FischFry on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:05:59 PM PDT

            [ Parent ]

            •  So it would be ok for Israel (0+ / 0-)

              to restrict access to the Temple Mount of all non-Jews?

              As for the High Holy Day tickets, most syngogues require tickets because it is the only time of the year when the entire congregation is likely to show up.  Arrangments can be made for non-members who will be away from home and tickets must be purchased by non-members though the Rabbi usually has a set to give out at will.  My congregation has to hold High Holy day services at a much larger facility and we are still crowded.

              How did I live without him?

              by Pumpkinlove on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 08:10:09 PM PDT

              [ Parent ]

            •  Ah, but you've changed the debate. (1+ / 0-)

              Recommended by:
              npbeachfun

              We were talking about the CITY of Mecca, not the specific holy site itself. I can conditionally agree with you about the sacredness of certain sites, and how they should be left to those of the faith to determine access, but I have a problem when that restriction enlarges to encompass non-religious sites. Hence my bit of disingenuousness with the Paris example.

      •  There are (2+ / 0-)

        Recommended by:
        npbeachfun, curmudgiana

        sacred and semi-sacred precincts all over the world. The Forbidden City was forbidden not only because of the emperor's presence but because it was the place of the gods. Humans have always restricted sacred areas. As a residue of sacredness, when the Royals are in residence at Windsor you can't just go wandering about.

        If Notre Dame were a purely religious site for Catholics, I wouldn't be allowed there either--I can't take communion in a Catholic church. If Jerusalem were a purely Hebrew holy site then it would be within the rights of Jews to restrict access. And because the Ka'aba and Makkah are Muslim holy sites, it's okay for the Saudis to restrict access.

        Mal: "This is the captain. We have a little problem with our entry sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then explode."

        by crose on Tue Jan 02, 2007 at 10:31:43 PM PDT

        [ Parent ]

        •  But since (1+ / 0-)

          Recommended by:
          Red Sox

          those religious who consider Jerusalem holy are descendents of Judaism.. why doesn't Judaisms claim on Jerusalem outweigh theirs?

          Why is it Judaisms holiest site doesn't have the same privaledge of exclusivity because it is Muslims third?

          How did I live without him?

          by