A few days ago, I
threatened promised to try to rewrite the in-bad-shape dKos FAQ. I have now finished a first draft, and would greatly appreciate comments/criticism/suggestions/etc.
This is, of course, just a draft. I know this is a long document, but there's a lot of stuff to cover. Ultimately, if people approve of my efforts, it will go into the dKosopedia, get all of its cross-links put in, etc. Take the poll at the end.
I'd like suggestions both from newbies ("I want to know how to do xxx, which you didn't cover") and veterans ("xxx should be done like this"). Many thanks.
-dms
dailykos FAQ
version 2.0a 1/26/06
Introduction
This FAQ file is intended as an introduction to the daily kos website and community. It includes an overview of the site, a guide to reading and posting diaries and comments, and answers to some frequently asked questions. For some topics, such as HTML coding, a brief overview is given along with links to more comprehensive documents.
Quick links
How do I put text in a nifty grey box?
How do I find my user ID number?
Others...
What is daily kos?
Who is kos?
"Kos" is the US-Army/screen nickname of the founder of Daily Kos, Markos Alberto Moulitsas Zúniga.
(See also the in-progress dkospedia entry Markos Moulitsas Zúniga, and the Wikipedia pages Kos and Markos Moulitsas Zúniga.)
What is the purpose of this site?
(To be written or, preferably, copied from some existing document)
Who posts here?
The quick answer is "anyone who wants to". There are a wide variety of people writing diaries and comments on dkos. They include elected politicians, candidates hoping to become elected politicians, experts in a range of fields, and active bloggers from around the net. The vast majority of writers, however, are ordinary citizens interested in talking about and participating in the political process. The majority of people posting here fall on the liberal side of the US political spectrum, however people of conservative views are welcome to come and debate. If you are polite, you will be treated politely. Unfortunately, there are some people who post comments or diaries with the sole purpose of provoking others. These people are called trolls. Some tips and techniques for dealing with trolls are described below.
UID numbers
Often, people refer to UID, or User ID, numbers. Every registered user has an ID number; these are assigned sequentially in order of registration. To find a UID, either yours or someone else's, find a comment written by that author. At the bottom of the comment, there are two links, one with the name of the author and the other with the date and time of the comment. The one with the author name contains the UID. For example, a comment by kos will have a link that looks like http://www.dailykos.com/user/uid:3, indicating that kos has UID 3. At the time of this writing, there are nearly 80,000 registered IDs.
How can I post here?
First, you need to create an account. The registration link is in the menu of links, or you can click here. Choose a username, fill in the rest of the fields, and send in the form. After a 24 hour waiting period, you will be allowed to post comments. After a 1 week waiting period, you will be allowed to post diaries. These waiting periods are intended to discourage "drive-by" trolling.
Parts of daily kos
This section of the FAQ gives an overview of the different components of the dkos environment. More detailed information on these components is given in the next section on Contributing to daily kos.
Diaries
Most of the action takes place inside of diaries. These are written by users, and then read and commented on by other users. Diaries can be found in three places. Most diaries appear in the Recent Diary list on the right-hand side of the screen. By default, this shows the last 20 diaries that have been posted; this can be reset as high as 50 diaries using the field at the bottom of the list.
People reading diaries can recommend them (see below). If a diary receives enough recommendations, it will automatically be promoted to the Recommended Diary list, which sits above the Recent Diary list. Recommended diaries tend to attract a wider audience and more comments than most diaries. The length of time that a diary spends on the Recommended list depends on how many users recommend it; it can vary from a few minutes to more than one full day. Diaries moving to the Recommended list is a democratic process; the diaries on the list are the ones that recieved the most "votes" to be there.
The third, and most prominent, place to find diaries is the front page of the site. These are the articles that are seen when going to www.dailykos.com. Front-page stories have two sources. First are diary entries written by kos, or by one of the half-dozen or so people that kos has given front-page privileges to. In addition to writing their own diaries, kos and the other front-pagers often promote interesting diaries from the Recent list to the front page. These promotions are at the discretion of the front-pagers, unlike the voting process which governs promotion to the Recommended list.
Comments
Inside diaries, users can post comments. Generally, these comments are in response to something in the diary, or are responding to other comments. Next to the title of each comment are two numbers inside a set of parentheses. These numbers give the rating of the comment. The first number shows how many users have rated the comment and the second shows the average rating. Ratings vary from 0 to 4, and are covered in more detail below.
User Pages
Every user has a User Page. There is a link to this page in the menu sidebar. The User Page contains a collection of links gathering all of the diaries and all of the comments written by that user. The 'My Profile' tab on that page is the place to change all of your preferences.
Hotlist
The hotlist, found under the Tools sidebar, is a place to store links to diaries that you want to refer back to. Next to the title of every diary is a ; clicking this icon will add that diary to your hotlist for future reference. Clicking the 'Subscribe' link next to a diary author's name will automatically add future diaries by that author to your hotlist. Comments that are replies to any of your comments are automatically added to your hotlist.
Tag Cloud
All diaries posted to dkos are tagged. Tags are keywords that the diary author and/or readers add to identify the subject(s) of the diary. This allows people to easily find all of the diaries that deal with a specific subject. The complete list of tags is called the Tag Cloud. By default, it is sorted by number of diaries that use each tag, but this can be changed to alphabetical sorting in the Interfaces section of the 'My Profile' portion of the User Page.
dkosopedia
The dkosopedia is a reference work associated with daily kos. It is modelled after Wikipedia and contains a large amount of information on a wide variety of topics.
Contributing to daily kos
Registration and posting privileges
To do anything beyond simply reading diaries and comments, it is neccessary to become a registered user, as described above. When you first register, there is a one day waiting period, after which you can write comments. After one week, you can write diaries, recommend other people's diaries, and rate comments. Posting and other activities are privileges granted by kos, who owns this site. Sufficiently obnoxious behvior, at his discretion, can result in banning.
Writing comments
Once you've been registered for at least one day, you can post comments inside diaries. To post a comment to the diary itself, click on the 'Post a Comment' link immediately beneath the diary text or at the very bottom of the page. To post a comment that replies to a comment, click the 'Reply To This' link underneath the comment text. Either way, you will be taken to the New Comment screen. Choose a Subject (a title for your comment), and write what you want. If you use any sort of formatting commands or embedded links (see below), you should hit the Preview button to make sure everything is correct. Then hit Post.
The first thing to remember when writing a comment is that it is going to be read by other people. Personal attacks are strongly discouraged. If you disagree with what someone is saying, express your disagreement, but don't go directly after the other person. Because tone of voice and facial expressions are lost in online discussions, it's easy for something to be taken the wrong way. Flame wars do nobody any good.
Writing diaries
Writing a diary is, in principle, quite simple. Click the 'New Diary Entry' link in the Tools sidebar, pick a title, write some text, choose a tag or two, and hit 'Submit'. Well, OK, maybe there's a bit more to it than that. For starters, The Rules, as posted by kos on Jan 3, 2006:
Diary guidelines
- All users are limited by the system to one diary per calendar day.
- New users cannot post diaries for one week after an account has been created.
- "Intro" box for new diaries has a three paragraph limit. If you exceed that limit, use the "Extended Body" box for the remainder of your diary.
- Diaries should be substantive. A good guideline is that if you don't have at least three solid paragraphs to write about your subject, you should probably post a comment in an open thread, or in a recent diary or front-page post that covers a topic relevant to what you wish to write about.
- Copying and pasting complete copyrighted articles without permission from the copyright holder is absolutely prohibited by both this site's policies and copyright laws. Copyright infringement can expose both you and the site's owners to financial liability. Just don't do it. And if you see someone else doing it, please politely ask them to edit their diary accordingly. This is a bannable offense.
- Limited copying within the bounds of the doctrine of "fair use" is permitted. A reasonable rule-of-thumb is that copying three paragraphs from a normal-length news article or editorial is acceptable. (This, however, is not a safe-harbor. If even three paragraphs seems like "too much," then copy less or nothing at all.) For more on fair use, please visit this site.
- When you quote material that is not your own, please provide a link whenever possible. Also, use the blockquote tags to set off the copied material so that your writing is distinct from the material you are copying. For more on HTML tags, click here.
- Hotlinking images without permission is prohibited. Hotlinking means using the [img src] tag to display an image on a diary which is hosted on someone else's server. Hotlinking, especially on a site as popular as this one, can cost people real money in bandwidth costs. It's essentially stealing. If we get complaints from sites about images being hotlisted, we will consider that as possible grounds for banning.
- Duplicative diaries are prohibited. Please scan the recent diaries and front-page posts before starting to compose your own diary. This rule operates on a sliding scale. A repeat diary with minimal analysis or originality (particularly on "breaking news" items) is prohibited. Such diaries are subject to deletion without notice. But if you write on a recently-covered subject and provide original analysis or research, that is acceptable and in fact welcome.
- If you receive a reasonable request from a fellow Kossack to delete your diary (i.e., your diary is duplicative as per above), please do so.
- Cross-posting from your own blog is welcome. Remember, though, that you can only write one diary a day at Daily Kos.
- Diarists are strongly encouraged to back up all assertions with facts (and preferably links to supporting materials) whenever possible. Use reputable sources whenever possible. If you can't find a reputable source that supports your position, then perhaps reconsider writing your diary.
- As a corollary, diarists should always make it clear when they are expressing an opinion - please do not assert opinions as facts, as this tends to be needlessly inflammatory.
- Diaries which engage in wild speculation without any proof are strongly discouraged. Repeatedly posting diaries consisting largely or entirely of wild speculation is an abuse of site policy. Bear in mind that that extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence.
- Diaries which contain hateful or defamatory writing are prohibited.
- Diaries which are deliberately designed to inflame are prohibited.
- Deliberately inflammatory titles, or titles which contain attacks, are prohibited. Also, while this site doesn't prohibit profanity, please think very carefully before using any curse words in a diary title.
- "Calling out" other site users by name in diary titles is prohibited. Diaries which "call out" another by name tend to needlessly inflame. If you feel compelled to address another user's comments or diaries in a diary of your own, please do so cautiously. Avoid ad hominems and stick with substantive, constructive criticism only.
- Some topics which tend to make for poor diaries: Breaking news. Something you just saw on a TV show. Something currently on the front page of a major news site (eg, New York Times). Something currently on the front page of a major blog (eg, Atrios).
- What makes for a good diary: Anything which showcases original research or original analysis. Political calls to action with substantive information on how to get involved. News (plus analysis) on interesting/relevant topics that are not widely discussed.
- Diaries on contested Democratic primaries: Be positive. Make an affirmative case for your favored candidate. If you do criticize a Democratic candidate, don't make ad hominem attacks - stick to substantive criticisms, and back them up with hard evidence. Be very cautious if you go after a fellow Democrat. Odds are, that candidate will have supporters on this site. Reasonable people will accept reasonable criticism - unfair criticism will only needlessly inflame. And remember, deliberately inflammatory diaries are prohibited.
- "Open Thread" diaries: Diaries designed to serve as "open threads" for discussion on major, breaking events (such as a speech or hearing) are permissible. Please provide links to information about the events (such as news articles or webcasts) in such diaries. Do not post duplicate diary open threads unless an earlier open thread exceeds 150 comments.
- When writing a diary on a political race, prefixing the title is always helpful. For example: FL-Gov (Florida governor's race), NY-Sen (New York senate race), CA-25 (California's 25th congressional district race).
- Do not use ALL CAPS or exclamation marks !!! in diary titles.
- Do not put "Please Recommend" or similar language in diary titles.
- Please read an entire diary before hitting "Recommend." Recommending based on just the first few paragraphs or the author's name is strongly discouraged.
These rules are mostly common sense and courtesy. There are a lot of diaries posted here; keeping up is like trying to drink from a firehose. Adhering to these rules helps cut down on duplicate and low-content diaries, and makes everyone's life easier. Please follow The Rules.
A diary can include a poll. To create a poll, fill in the fields at the bottom of the New Diary screen. You need to specify a question, and at least 2 answers.
After posting a diary, its author can alter the contents by clicking on the Edit Diary link. This can be useful for adding new information to the content of the diary; diarists often include useful or insightful comments into the text of the diary. If you do this, be sure to give credit to the commenter. Polls cannot be edited (though you can add a poll to a diary that didn't already have one). Once you have made the changes/additions that you want, click the Update button to save the changes.
There are some times when you will want to delete a diary. If there are two (or more) near-identical diaries on the same subject, people will request that all but one be deleted. Additionally, sometimes diary authors just have second thoughts about posting a particular diary. Diaries can be deleted via the Edit Diary screen; you need to select the 'Confirm Deletion' checkbox, and then click the 'Delete' button.
Formatting
Auto Format
Both comments and diaries are written using HTML, the basic language of the web. HTML can be used to create text as well as all sorts of effects. To make life easier, authors can use the Auto Format mode when writing comments and diaries. Some of the features of Auto Format are described here. Text can be made *bold* (bold) or _italic_ (italic). If you want to embed a hyperlink to somewhere, you enclose the link in square brackets:
[Daily Kos http://www.dailykos.com ]
gives
Daily Kos. A shortcut to link to dkosopedia pages is to enclose the name of the page in double curly brackets with a 'dk' in front:
d k{{DailyKos_FAQ}}
becomes
DailyKos_FAQ.
Lists
Auto format can be used to generate numbered or bulleted lists. To create numbered lists, start each line with a number and a period. Typing
1. First item. This is an overly long sentence to serve as some filler text to show the word wrapping and indentation.
2. Second item
gives
1. First item. This is an overly long sentence to serve as some filler text to show the word wrapping and indentation.
2. Second item
Bulleted lists are created by using a single * in place of the number and period:
- First item. This is is an overly long sentence to serve as some filler text to show the word wrapping and indentation.
- Second item
Block Quoting
A common sight in diaries is some text set off from the main body by a grey box. To create this effect, called a 'blockquote', you type <blockquote>some text</blockquote> to get
some text
Pictures and images
Another common thing to do is put an image into a diary or comment. Before you do this, please stop and think for a moment. Pictures require much more in the way of network resources than text. Big pictures make life difficult for people without fast net connections. Keep your pictures small, and only use them when it really adds something to the point you want to make. That said, the first step is to put the image on the web somewhere. There are many free or cheap services that will "host" your images for you. Two popular ones are http://www.photobucket.com and http://www.imageshack.us . Then, you need to link to it. When you put the picture on the web, it will have a URL (supplied by the hosting service). To put the picture in a diary or comment, you need to put the URL inside what is called an 'IMG tag' like this:
<img src="http://www.dailykos.com/... >
to get
Many images have a large number of pixels, which makes them very big in browser windows, which screws up the nice margins of the diaries. To get around this, you can specify a "width" field when you are putting in an image. Using the same image as an example,
<img src="http://www.dailykos.com/... width=100>
gives
A width of 500 is about the maximum that can be accomodated without causing problems.
Recommending diaries
Almost all diaries can be recommended; the exceptions are those that are posted directly to the front page. To recommend a diary, click on it, and then click on the 'Recommend' button on the right side of the window. Diaries can only be recommended in the first 24 hours after posting. When should you recommend a diary? Very simply, recommend a diary if you think other dkos users should read it. That may mean that the diary is covering a breaking news story, or it has an insightful bit of analysis, or even is an extremely funny bit of humor. Don't recommend a diary simply because of who the author is.
Rating comments
Any registered user can rate comments in a diary. For regular users, comments can be rated from 1 to 4; trusted users (see below) can rate comments from 0 to 4. Higher ratings are better. The number of ratings that your comments gather, and their average value, determines your comment mojo. Mojo is used primarily for determining whether a user has trusted user status.
So, when is each rating appropriate? Much virtual ink has been wasted in arguments, but the following is generally accepted:
0. (trusted users only) Troll posts. Comments whose only purpose is to disrupt the discussion. Do not troll-rate posts simply because you disagree with what the commenter is saying.
1. Unproductive posts. Comments that are insulting or abusive, but don't rise to the level of outright trollishness. As with the zero, giving somebody a 1 simply because you disagree is an abuse of the rating system.
2. Marginal comment. Very rarely bestowed.
3. Good comment. Usually a shorthand for 'I agree'
4. Excellent comment. Also usually a shorthand for 'I agree', or also 'good job'. Most ratings given out tend to be 4s.
Note that there isn't a rating for 'I disagree'. If you disagree with something in a comment, post a reply saying so (and why).
Because diaries can't be rated, many diary authors post a comment with the Subject of 'Tip Jar' or similar. This is intended as a place to give mojo for the diary; if you feel that the diary was worthwhile, it's a nice gesture to leave a 4 in the tip jar.
Tagging
All diaries written on dkos have tags. Tags are keywords that identify subject(s) discussed in the diary. The diary author must choose at least one tag for the diary to be posted. After the diary is posted, any user can add tags to the diary; trusted users (see below) can remove or edit tags. The complete list of tags can be found in the tag cloud. By clicking on a tag, you get a list of all diaries that contain that tag; this makes it easy to find diaries on a particular subject.
Some guidelines for choosing tags:
1. Use combinations of simple tags rather than inventing complex ones. For instance, use tags CIA, LEAK and INVESTIGATION, instead of CIA-LEAK-INVESTIGATION.
2. Try to think of what tags people might use to search for something and use those. For example, PLAME, KARL ROVE, PATRICK FITZGERALD, BOB NOVAK, TREASON, OUTING, OPERATIVE might all be good tags for an entry on the Valerie Plame outing.
3. Try to re-use existing tags.
4. Keep it simple. Don't use tags that are redundant.
5. For election blogging, add the year, state and office. So the Colorado governor's race in 2006 is tagged: "2006, governor, Colorado". Also add the dKos style abbreviation of the race (two digit state abbreviation and race). So a governor's race would be "CA-Gov", a Senate race "CA-Sen", and a congressional race would be "CA-06".
6. Stop with the "cutesy" tags. This is a tool to help organize content, not show how clever you are with keywords like "HUNTERRIFIC" to express how great Hunter's diary was.
7.'/' characters are not allowed in tags, and will be converted to '-'.
8. When using a person's name as a tag, use both their first and last name. If there is an ambiguity, include middle initials. For example, don't use the Bush tag; use either the George W. Bush tag or the George H. W. Bush tag depending on whether the diary refers to the current President or his father.
9. When posting a diary that is primarily about, or in reaction to, a story from a conventional media outlet, include the name of the outlet, e.g. New York Times. This will help cut down on the number of repetitive diaries covering the same "breaking" story.
Trusted Users
If a user gathers enough comment mojo, they become a Trusted User. The exact amount of mojo required, and any other requirements, are not publicly known to prevent people from gaming the system. Trusted Users have a few additional privileges compared to regular users. A regular user can rate comments from 1 to 4; a TU can also give out 0, or Troll, ratings. If a comment gets enough troll ratings, it becomes hidden to regular users (also see the trolls section below). TUs can, if they wish, see the hidden comments. TUs thus have the responsbility of deciding whether comments should be hidden or not. In addition, TUs can edit and remove tags from diaries; regular users can only add new tags.
There are two easy ways to tell if you are a TU. First is to look at the Tools sidebar; if there is an entry reading 'Hidden Comments', you are a TU. The other way is to try to rate a comment; if the menu includes '0' as a choice, you are trusted.
Dealing with trolls
Trolling is a sad reality of internet life. Most trolls tend to be blatant, posting comments or diaries that are clearly intended to provoke an angry response. There are two methods in wide use to help keep the community as troll-free as possible. The first is troll-rating comments. Trusted Users (see above) can give comments a rating of zero. If a comment has been rated by two or more users, and if the average rating is less than one, then that comment (and all replies to it) are automatically hidden. Hidden comments and their responses can only be seen by Trusted Users.
Unfortunately, there is no similar mechanism for hiding trollish diaries. Instead of writing detailed rebuttals of whatever claims or argument the troll is making, the standard response to a troll diary is to post comments containing recipes for tasty dishes. Plenty of examples can be found in the Troll Diary tag. An entire cookbook of recipes has been collected and is being sold as a fundraiser.
Ongoing diary series
There are several regular or semi-regular diary series that are posted. Links go to the Users page of the series author, which then links to the most recent diaries in the series.
Cheers & Jeers
The self-described "kiddy pool" of daily kos, Bill in Portland Maine writes a daily dose of snarky humor. Reader participation is always welcome.
High Impact diary list
Every day, jotter produces a diary listing the most-recommended and most-commented of yesterday's diaries.
(more...)
Common terms and acronyms
n/t no text. Used by commenters when the entirety of the comment is the title
asdf The opposite of n/t, this comment title means "I don't have a title, read the text".
SCLM So-Called Liberal Media. Many people think that the idea of a "liberal media" is a myth.
UID User ID. An ID number, assigned sequentially in the order which users registered.