You ought to be out raising hell. This is the fighting age. Put on your fighting clothes.
-Mother Jones
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Sunday March 1, 1914
From The Inter Ocean: Chicago Police Attack Unemployed, Arrests Striking Waitresses
Unemployed Men Line Up at Soup Kitchen
As the unemployment crisis deepens across the nation, we can expect more scenes such as the one which took place in Chicago two days ago, described below as justifiable police action against "mobs."
MOUNTED POLICE CHARGE 2 MOBS IN HEART OF CITY
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Disperse an Unemployed Jewish Tailors' Army in attempted March on City Hall.
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RIDE ONTO SIDEWALKS
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Charges by mounted police dispersed two mobs in the heart of Chicago [Friday].
One crowd of 530 curious persons in front of Henrici's restaurant, on Randolph near Dearborn street, gathered to watch an arrest of union waitresses attempting to boycott the restaurant by picketing.
An "army" of 250 unemployed Jewish tailors was dispersed at West Madison and Desplaines streets as they started to march upon the city hall. The police cantered their mounts through the "army," so that all save "General" M. B. Martin fled in confusion.
Martin led the march, which was intended as a demonstration to bring home to the municipal authorities the needs of the idle garment workers. A permit for a parade had been refused on the ground that it would block traffic, and for this reason the police were ordered to prevent the procession.
OFFICERS HOLD BRIDGES.
For several hours [Friday] the officers in the loop waited for an invading army. Traffic patrolmen stationed at bridges reminded themselves of Officer Horatius' daring bridge holding feats and resolved to ward off the army of tailors in like manner. The mounted squad was made to do scouting duty and kept watch upon Kurlinski's hall, 1377 Blue Island avenue, the headquarters of the tailors.
At five minutes before 1 o,clock in the afternoon the men left the hall and commenced a circuitous march through the neighboring district, stopping at Hull House and in front of the tailor shop of Samuel Philipson at West Twelfth and South Halsted streets. Martin made a speech here denouncing Philipson.
The marchers turned east upon Madison street and had arrived at the intersection of Desplaines street, where they were stopped by Sergeant Joseph Tischart.
"Have you a permit to march?" he demanded.
"No." Martin replied.
"Then you must disband," commanded the sergeant.
Five mounted policemen had galloped west from the Madison street bridge when they noticed the crowd.
"Disperse them." sergeant Tischart yelled.
The mounted police then charged the "army" and the paraders fled in every direction for refuge.
No one was hurt.
Martin remained true as a leader and was still in the street when his followers had deserted. He walked away when Sergeant Tischart ordered him to do so.
Martin is the same man who led 400 men to the city hall Thursday. He notified Chief Gleason yesterday that 1,000 unemployed men would parade the loop at the noon hour. Martin made the request first over the telephone and later in the morning called to see the chief, who declared that he would not permit the parade.
"I told this man Martin it wouldn't do to make the congestion in the loop worse by a parade," said the chief. "I notified P. D. O'Brien, acting first deputy; Captain Healy and Captain Gibbons. I told them to make arrests under the ordinance.
"The city put 1,500 men to work last week. There has been plenty of ice cutting. Many of them run away when you get them work. The street department and the municipal employment bureau have done everything possible to give jobs to men who want to work."
Martin declared several men were bruised Thursday and are at Fleischman's hotel, 1362 South Halsted street.
FEW WOMEN IN CROWD
Only a few women were in the crowd, and these, it was stated, were chiefly wives of the unemployed men.
In dispersing the mob at Henrici's the officers rode their horses up on the side walk.
The crowd had gathered to witness the arrest of two waitresses, Marie Ullrich, 21 years old, and Marie Shannon, 22 years old.
The two are alleged to have resisted Policewoman Mary Boyd when she told them they were under arrest, and Detective Sergeants Wolf and Laughlin were called upon to assist in taking the prisoners to the station. A crowd followed the detectives, shouting and jeering them.
George Koop, 49 years old, 4052 North Lawndale avenue: Eugene Smiley, 21 years old, 212 North Kedzie avenue, and Jon L. Horn, 30 years old, 800 South Halsted street, who said he is an attorney, were among the spectators arrested for resisting the police.
A man giving the name of James Reid, 671 Barry avenue, was taken to the station on complaint of Minnie Meyers, 520 Wendell street a waitress picket. She said he called her names. Later Reid was released.
This same newspaper reported on the deepening crisis in New York City:
NEW YORK TALKS UNEMPLOYMENT.
NEW YORK, Feb. 27.-Previous to Mayor Mitchel's address of welcome to the American section of the International Association of Unemployment in the city hall today, Professor Charles R. Henderson of the university of Chicago, a member of that city's commission on unemployment, spoke, declaring a belief that an unusually large number of persons are not out of work at present, in spite of the uneasiness on that score.
The mayor had declared that this year presented almost unprecedented conditions. Three hundred thousand, said Mr. Mitchel, might be an exaggerated estimate of the number of unemployed in New York, but the number was at least the largest that had ever flooded the city.
"The tragedy of the present conditions," said Mr. Henderson in reply, "consists in the fact that they are not abnormal, but are steadily recurring, inevitable results of industrial mismanagement throughout the country."
SOURCE
The Inter Ocean
(Chicago, Illinois)
-of Feb 28, 1914
Photo: Unemployed at Chicago Soup Kitchen
Date of photo not given at source, most likely from 1930s, used here to represent the unemployed of 1914
http://ic.galegroup.com/...
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I Don't Want Your Millions Mister - The Almanac Singers
We worked to build this country, Mister,
While you enjoyed a life of ease.
You've stolen all that we built, Mister,
Now our children starve and freeze.
-Jim Garland