There are two major types of rights in the world: civil right and human rights. That is a well-established fact. What is the difference and what do they mean?
Human rights are rights that all individuals have always had and will always continue to have regardless of whether or not governments acknowledge those rights. The classic examples are the unalienable rights to life, liberty, property, and the pursuit of happiness. I would add another right to that list: privacy. Other human rights are those enumerated in the first four amendments in the Bill of Rights to the United States Constitution: freedom of belief (1), freedom of expression (1), freedom of assembly (1), freedom to possess and carry arms (2), and freedom from jackboot rule (3, 4). The reason why I do not consider Amendments Five through Eight to be human rights because those are specific to the structure of the common law legal system. Although fair and reasonable treatment by the justice system is certainly a human right, things like trial by jury are just part of a specific legal system.
Civil rights are rights specific to a government. Imagine the social contract as a union's contract with an employer. The most common examples probably the right to vote and run for office and (thanks to the British Empire spreading the common law system around) the right to a trial by jury. Examples that exist in some parts of the world that I like are the separation of church and state (which any resident of England can tell you is independent of freedom of religion, as they have an official state religion but are pretty good about religious freedom), the right to healthcare, and the right to a decent standard of living.
In summary, human rights are rights that all people have, while civil rights are clauses in the social contract that determine how that specific government treats the people.
Something to debate in the comments:
What is preferable: a tyranny of the majority (strong social contract, but no regard for human rights) or an enlightened despotism (absolute dictatorship that respects human rights).