Unlike this site, the Great Orange Satan, all 50 Orange States Matter, because Cheeto-Jeebus is pretty much everywhere if you’re a POC, from the guy who can barely stand to be with you in an elevator, to the #WhiteLivesMatter reactionaries and their guns, who can barely understand the entire absurdity of how “white” and “black” are both “colored”.
This has become a land of greater micro-aggression at a national scale. Will how you look determine whether you will get scooped up by the proposed Trumpian Deportation Force. And more importantly will Orangists decide that their firearms deputize them to discriminate against people because of their non-white “look”.
But should one feel sorry for them or just ask this declining demographic more alienated by neoliberal globalization to adapt to what will be a more progressive economic prosperity possible by not investing in reactionary obstruction… or are they just being shiftless and lazy sitting there like...oranges.
The varying ways in which the U.S. government has counted Americans over time offer a glimpse into the country’s past, from the days of slavery to the waves of immigrants who arrived on its shores over the centuries. Racial categories, which have been included on every U.S. census since the first one in 1790, have changed from decade to decade, reflecting the politics and science of the times.
It was not until 1960 that people could select their own race. Prior to that, an individual’s race was determined by census takers, known as enumerators. And it was not until 2000 that Americans could choose more than one race to describe themselves, allowing for an estimate of the nation’s multiracial population. These changes continue today, as major revisions of the race question are being considered for the 2020 census.
The U.S. has revised how it categorizes people who are both racially black and white more than any other group, given the nation’s history of slavery and changes in the social and political thinking across time. In the mid-nineteenth century, for example, some race scientists theorized that multiracial children of black and white parents were genetically inferior, and sought statistical evidence in the form of census data to back up their theories…
Throughout most of the history of the census, someone who was both white and another race was counted as the non-white race. In the 1850 census, enumerators were instructed to record blacks, mulattos (generally defined as someone who is black and at least one other race), black slaves, and mulatto slaves separately. In 1890, the racial categories of “quadroon” (defined as one-fourth black blood) and “octoroon” (one-eighth or any trace of black blood) were introduced. In 1930, for example, the “one-drop rule” included in enumerator instructions said that “a person of mixed White and Negro blood was to be returned as Negro, no matter how small the percentage of Negro blood.”...
Mexicans were counted as their own race in 1930 for the first and only time. Hispanic groups of any kind were not offered as options again until 40 years later, when the census form began asking about Hispanic origin as a separate question from race. Today, the form offers three Hispanic origin categories as ethnicities, along with “Another Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish origin,” with the option to write in a specific origin.
But how the census counts Hispanics could change again. In 2010, the Census Bureau began testing a question that combined the race and ethnicity questions into one, allowing Hispanics to select Hispanic as their race or origin. Other changes to the race question, such as offering more examples of the origins that fall under each racial/ethnic category, could also take effect in the 2020 census. That census will also drop the word “Negro” from what had been the “Black, African American, or Negro” response option.
Sadly those angry white guys were important in 1996 and many are still angry in 2016, maybe even more angry.
The cross-race effect (sometimes called cross-race bias, other-race bias or own-race bias) refers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of one's own race. A study was made which examined 271 real court cases. In photographic line-ups, 231 witnesses participated in cross-race versus same-race identification. In cross-race lineups, only 45% were correctly identified versus 60% for same-race identifications.
In social psychology, the cross-race effect is described as the "ingroup advantage". In other fields, the effect can be seen as a specific form of the "ingroup advantage" since it is only applied in interracial or inter-ethnic situations, whereas "ingroup advantage” can refer to mono-ethnic situations as well.
Deeper study of the cross-race effect has also demonstrated two types of processing for the recognition of faces: featural and holistic. It has been found that holistic processing (which occurs beyond individual parts of the face) is more commonly used in same-race situations, but there is an experience effect, which means that as a person gains more experience with those of a particular race, he or she will begin to use more holistic processing. Featural processing is much more commonly used with an unfamiliar stimulus or face.
Aggrieved Entitlement
Michael Kimmel‘s 2013 book, Angry White Men, dissects the rage many of these men experience and connects it with the anger experienced by a diverse collection of middle and lower-middle-class white boys and men. When angry white men act out, when they’re violent, when they kill, we’re often told that it’s a result of gun access, mental illness, or other factors that help us think about them individually (as though something was wrong with certain individuals) rather than socially (as though something was wrong with our culture).