I don't think that we are right to frame the issue of Russian legislation regarding gays under a heading of "homophobia." Clearly, homophobia is a driving force behind that legislation, but a different problem is creating a communication breakdown between Westerners and the Russians on their treatment of gays.
There was universal support among legislators for laws which the Russians described as prohibiting propagandizing minors by non-traditional sexual minorities. Certainly, here in the US, we would object to distribution of gay pornography in American high schools. But that is not the sort of thing that the Russians are defining as propaganda. Propaganda for them is anything which is a public expression of support for a despised minority. So a show of support for the minority by way of waving rainbow flags, or marching in a gay pride parade are put on the same level as distributing pornography.
The protection of minors was clearly not the issue. The issue was best identified by the Russian head of the Soccer Association who likened gay "propaganda" to Nazi propaganda. He said the Russian state should not allow either extreme group to operate in society. He contended that gays are free to lead their private lives as they wish. Nazis lead their lives as they wish. But neither can come out of their closets and talk about it in the community at large.
The cultural history of Russia is one which has never valued free speech. Speech in Russia has traditionally been controlled both in terms of journalism and in terms of public protest. So when the biases and bigotry of the vast majority of the Russian people are challenged, their legislators have no compunction about suppressing the minority's opportunity to express itself or defend itself. Here in the US, until Stonewall, we had a similar situation.
The critical difference between the treatment of gays in the US and what is happening in Sochi is that here, there were legal protections that permitted the LGBT community to argue its case before the general public and win the public opinion to its side. As long as the Russians feel entitled to prevent that from occurring, they will not be a part of the Western society.