COVID-19 does have something to do with it considering the acceleration of the pandemic in meat production centers. It involves something more akin to the sub-contracting of information and corporate control, but also resembles pyramid schemes which are ultimately about cartels, contracts, and transactions costs among other capitalist schemes to exploit labor. Think offshoring of even more processes except doing it at home.
Andrew Keen: Well, not even William Shakespeare has perhaps some of your linguistic dexterity, you come up with a wonderful term to describe the impact of monopolies on American life. The word is “chickenization.” You didn’t get that from Shakespeare, did you?
Zephyr Teachout: No, I got it from a wonderful writer, Christopher Leonard, who wrote the book The Meat Racket, which I recommend. … I think we are at a flowering moment for that where the early seeds really came after the crash of 2008 and now people are starting to write about it more. But to speak about “chickenization,” Chris went deep into the chicken industry and then learned that this was a phrase used by people in the pork and beef industry to describe how they were stealing tactics for what Tyson and Pilgrim’s was doing to gain control over producers in other areas of meat. So you would say, oh, the beef industry is getting chickenized, which is to say big distributors have figured out a system where they sit atop the market, direct all the activities of the chicken farmers, put them in a black box where they can’t talk to their neighbors, have to sign an arbitration contract, get paid different amounts every month and live in a state of rational paranoia where when they have a bad week is it because they might have ticked off Tyson in some way, or is it because of the weather? And it’s a really subservient position. I love the term because, of course, it’s about chicken farming, but chickenization embeds in it the concept of fear. I feel like too many elite economists don’t talk about fear, humiliation, dignity, all the things that are central to our lives as people and reduce everything to numbers when the economic facts are our human facts.
lithub.com/...
Arise has been a pioneer in driving two currents roiling the American labor market. Ever more people are working from home, and workers are increasingly treated as independent contractors, stripped of the right to minimum wage, overtime and other legal protections provided to employees.
The pandemic has accelerated these forces. Many physical call centers have closed but companies still need someone to answer their customers’ calls, chats and emails, a need answered by Arise and its peer companies like Liveops, NexRep and Working Solutions. The work-from-home customer service business, in which an estimated 500,000 Americans worked even before the pandemic, is booming.
www.propublica.org/...
Here's chickenization: you're a chicken farmer. There is only one company that can buy your birds, thanks to market concentration. They tell you how to design and maintain your coop. They sell you the chicks. They tell you which feed to use, how much and when.
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They tell you when the lights go on and when they go off. They tell you how which vet to use, and which medicines they can use. They bind you to secrecy through nondisclosure and strip you of the right to sue through arbitration.
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They experiment on you. Your barn is filled with sensors that they monitor, and they tell you to vary feed, lighting, medicine and other variables to see if your birds get bigger. They are the only buyer in your region, so they know how each farmer's birds are thriving.
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But if the "independent" farmers ever tried to compare notes, they'd be violating their nondisclosure agreements and could be sued. Farmers who complain to regulators are barred from the market.
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Once your birds are grown, you bring them to the processor, who exploits their information asymmetry to figure out how to pay you JUST ENOUGH to go back to things, but not enough to get ahead. Since chickenization, poultry farmers have faced a wave of suicides.
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Once you know about chickenization, you see it everywhere: crop farmers are chickenized by seed companies, and Uber drivers are chickenized by their apps.
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The contours of chickenization are impossible to miss: it's a shifting of all the risk from the employer's side of the balance sheet to the workers', using the fiction of independent contractorship, the data-gathering capabilities of digital work, and monopolies.
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Today, I learned about the worst chickenization scheme I've ever encountered: a giant, global company that has chickenized a vast workforce, but maintains total secrecy, even as it services massive blue-chip companies from
@airbnb to
@disney.
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Here's chickenization, Arise style: the company is a outsource phone support system. Workers have to pay to work for Arise (they're "independent contractors"): buy a dedicated PC, internet connection and other equipment.
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After passing random, invasive, in-home inspections, after shelling out thousands of dollars and doing weeks - if not months - of unpaid training, they are finally eligible to sign up for shifts.
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These shifts come in 30 minute slices, widely spaced, and turning them down gets you blacklisted. It's impossible to hold down another job while you're an Arise chicken-farmer.
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But you don't get paid for 30-minute shifts. You just get paid for the time that you're talking to customers.
The whole time you talk to a customer, an algorithm is ready to penalize you: i.e., if it takes too long to deal with queries, or if there're too many pauses.
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Meanwhile, the client's outsource managers randomly (or not-randomly) listen in on your calls, and they can penalize you too.
The main penalty is being "deskilled" - barred from working for that client, after paying (in cash and time) to get trained to be their phone rep.
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Workers are barred from hanging up on abusive customers. Women report high levels of sexual harassment, which they have to patiently endure, because they risk getting fired if they hang up on their abusers.
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And all workers are expected to tolerate unlimited abuse from callers. 64% of Arise's workers are people of color. 89% of them are women. Arise's recruiting ads target Black women in particular.
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There IS a way to get ahead in Arise: recruit other workers. Because, in addition to everything else, it's a pyramid scheme, and the business is riddled with people who've been previously convicted of wire fraud.
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Nearly every person in the Arise structure is chickenized:. The following jobs are all performed by "independent contractors":
* Client Support Professionals
* Quality Assurance Performance Facilitators
* Chat Performance Facilitators
* Escalation Performance Facilitators
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Not only do you have to pay to work for Arise - you have to pay (a "contract termination fee") to stop working for them.
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Arise binds workers to arbitration, meaning they can't sue. The right of workers to join class actions in spite of arbitration waivers went to the Supreme Court in '18, where the illegitimate justice Neal Gorsuch wrote the majority opinion, ruling against workers.
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Arise honors Juneteenth with a day off for all employees. But all those Black women it has chickenized are independent businesses and are still expected to show up for work.
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Arise's founder is Richard Cherry, a Canadian "serial entrepreneur" who started off writing scammy get-rich-quick and lose-weight-quick books before moving to Florida and getting heavily involved with the Home Shopping Network.
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Today, the company is a division of a giant private equity fund, Warburg Pincus.
eof/