Not limited...
The questions below are not, actually, limited just to those called out in the title. Anyone with input may respond - ideally, input relevant to the questions and possible answers, but randomly plopped responses that incur grins, giggles or guffaws or provoke mind-numbing disconnects and warpage might work too.
I'm not a specialist in the field of volcanoes; my questions below are simple, but from a disaster planning/mitigation perspective as well as an avid sci-fi geek perspective, I'm wondering just how powerful and threatening a seriously energetic, explosive eruption could be - and if the questions below can be answered with regard to almost any volcano, not necessarily supervolcanoes.
I know that volcanoes on Io toss ejecta into orbit; I know that earth's atmosphere would likely prohibit such things. I've done some quick Googling - here's a decent-sounding response on Reddit, for example - that implies it's unlikely but feasible.
I wanted to pose the questions here, tho, as this community is rife with knowledgeable expertise (and fertile imaginations).
Thank you!
Ejecta
Seriously energetic meteor impacts can toss material into orbit - or further. Powerful volcanic eruptions can also toss material into the atmosphere, and stratosphere.
- Can a powerful volcanic eruption toss ejecta into, and possibly beyond, orbit?
- If so, could such material pose a habit to orbiting satellites or space stations?
- Finally, once clear of the atmosphere, the only force really affecting such material would be Earth's gravity, so I'd suspect any material that did reach orbital height (or beyond, if possible) would eventually be drawn back into the atmosphere.
- Do we know of any historical, geological or other data to demonstrate such a thing might have happened on Earth? How about elsewhere...?
I appreciate any information folks can provide. The question took hold, and took root, so I thought I'd pose it where I could find the best high-quality responses evah.
Thank you.