The study aims to interview 55,000 people along the upper Gulf Coast who have had varying levels of exposure to crude oil and the dispersant Corexit in the months following the Deepwater Horizon explosion last April. The target is cleanup workers and those who had direct exposure to the crude and dispersant.
The plan calls for 20,000 to 25,000 of those initial interviews to be tracked in the succeeding 10 years, as researchers attempt to document their health, track various biological indicators and any maladies, new and old, attempting to draw conclusions about causes and effects.
Dale Sandler, an epidemiologist who is leading the study for the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, said the first 2,000 recruiting letters will go out later this month. The initial outreach targets 100,000 people in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and Florida to guarantee enough eventual participants. The large numbers, she said, are necessary to track participants in enough groups that distinguish by variables including level of exposure, medical history, job history and lifestyle. The differentiation is necessary to establish the best conclusions about correlations with the spill.
"We will be talking about probabilities and likelihoods, not certainties," Sandler said.
Multiple grass-roots groups representing Gulf Coast residents and cleanup workers offer anecdotes of struggles with respiratory and gastrointestinal ailments that can generally be associated with toxins. At a recent public forum featuring Subra, several residents complained that their physicians are not willing to link their problems to the spill. "I understand there is fear and frustration," Sandler said.
President Barack Obama's National Oil Spill Commission acknowledged in its final report, released in January, that health concerns and the perception of inadequate government action are of concern. "Whether allegations that the spill created health problems for responders and Gulf Coast residents are warranted does not change the perception among some that government has not been responsive to health concerns," the report says. The commission recommended that the Environmental Protection Agency establish a more thorough protocol to monitor health effects of major spills.