Some of these reflect the two languages' descent from a common ancestral language, Proto-Indo-European; others may be mutual borrowings from German or French, and some may be coincidences. In some cases the meaning of the English word is different from the Russian meaning.
Белый ("beliy" = "white"): "belle", possibly a coincidence
Брать ("brat'" = "brother"): "brother"
Ветер ("veter" = "wind"): "weather"
Владеть ("vladet'" = "to possess"): "wield". The names "Vladimir" (Ukrainian "Volodymyr") and "Vladivostok" mean, respectively, "possessor of peace" and "possessor of the east".
Вокзал ("vokzal" = "railroad station"): "Vauxhall". Apparently the name of a particular station on an English railway line became the generic Russian word for station.
Волк ("volk" = "wolf"): "wolf" ("k" -> "f")
Враг ("vrag" = "enemy"): Old English "wearg" ("criminal"), resurrected by J.R.R. Tokien as "warg" = "wolf" (in The Hobbit)
Гнездо ("gnezdo" = "nest"): "nest"
Город ("gorod" = "city"): "yard", "garden"
Дом ("dom" = "house"): "domestic" (Latin "domus" = "house")
Жёлтый ("zholtiy" = "yellow"): "gold" ("zh" -> "g")
Жена ("zhena" = "wife"): "queen"; compare Greek "γυνή" ("gyni"), Persian "zan". There is another English word possibly from this root that begins with a "c" and may have originally meant "womanhood".
Золото ("zoloto" = "gold"): "gold" ("z" -> "g")
Князь ("knyaz'" = "prince"): "king". Ancient Slavs had no notion of kings or princes, and borrowed the Gothic "kuningaz", which became "князь" in Russian. The usual Russian word for "king", "король" ("korol'") is a form of the name “Karl” (Charlemagne), much as "царь" ("tsar'") is a form of "Caesar".
Левый ("leviy" = "left"): "left"
Люди ("lyudi" = "people"): archaic English "lede", Old English "leode", German "Leute". All are plurals with no corresponding singulars.
Мать ("mat'" = "mother"): "mother"
Мышь ("mysh'" = "mouse"): "mouse"
Новый ("noviy" = "new"): "new", "novel"
Оса ("osa" = "wasp"): "wasp"
Раб ("slave"), Работать ("rabotat'" = "to work"): "robot"
Сердце ("serdtse" = "heart"): "heart" ("s" -> "k" -> "h")
Сестра ("sestra" = "sister"): "sister"
Славянье ("slavyanye" = "Slavs"): "slave" -- possibly from a period when many war captives sold into slavery were Slavic. "Славянье" is related to "слава" ("slava" = "glory") and "слово" ("slovo" = "word").
Снег ("sneg" = "snow"): "snow" (German "schnee")
Солнце ("solntse" = "sun"): "solar"
Указ ("ukaz" = "decree"): "ukase". The English word is a borrowing from Russian, possibly through French.
Ура ("ura" = "hoorah"): "hoorah", possibly from Mongolian
Хлеб ("khleb" = "bread"): "loaf" (Old English "hlaf")
Холод ("kholod" = "cold"): "cold"
Чистый ("chistiy" = "clean"): "chaste" (mutual borrowing from French?)
Юный ("yuniy" = "young"): "young"